题 专题 08 科技发展类
P P Pa a ar r rt t t
1 1 1 题 题 型 总 览 览
【题型综述】
“科技发展”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。这些文章和题目不仅能让考生体会到科学的无限趣味和实际功用，而且促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用。
【技巧点拨】
科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景则交代研究的起因或者问题现状。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。另外，谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文去伪存真。掌握选项设置的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
【读相关词】
1.
accessible adj.
易接近的；可得到的 2. automatic adj.
自动的 3. breakthrough n.
重大进展；突破 4. digital adj.
数字的；数码的 5. privilege n.
特权；特殊待遇 6. procedure n.
程序；手续 序号 内容 Part 1 题型总览 题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词 Part 2 真题感悟 真题详解
强重难词
析长难句.. Part 3 专题强化 真题自测 新题模拟
7. revolution n.
革命 8. drawback n.
缺点；不利条件 9. transform v.
改造；改革；变换；改变 10. laptop n.
笔记本电脑 11. system n.
系统；体系 12. monitor n.
监视器；显示屏 13. data n.
数据，资料 14. download n．& vt.
下载 15. astronaut n.
宇航员 16. astronomer n.
天文学家 17. atmosphere n.
大气，大气层 18. astronomy n.
天文学 19. discovery n．
发现 20. experiment n.
实验 21. technology n.
科技 22. advanced adj.
高级的 23. .high-tech adj
高科技的 24. systematic adj.
有系统的,有计划有步骤的 25. indicate v.
表明 26. represent v.
正式] 描绘,展现 27. mobile payment
移动支付 28. Electronic Toll Collection
全自动电子收费 29. RFID:radio frequency identification devices
无线电射频标识、电子标签 30. sensor network
由传感器组成的传感网 31. cloud computing
云计算 32. readout
数字读出 33. transplant n.& vt.
移植 34. .cyberspace n.
网络空间 35. WeChat n.
微信 36. manned spaceship/spacecraft
载人飞船 37. artificial intelligence
人工智能 38. be equipped with
装备，配备 39. on a large scale
大规模地 40. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的
41. artificial adj. 人工的；人造的 42. have an impact/effect on
对……有影响 43. be available to
供……使用 44. put forward
提出 45. be suitable for
适合 46. to a certain degree
在某种程度上 47. surf the Internet
上网浏览信息 48. have access to/be accessible to
能使用 49. with the development of science and technology 随着科技的发展 50. chat online
在线聊天 51. make e-friends
交网友 52. keep in touch with
与……保持联系 53. make a great difference
起很大作用 54. change one"s life
改变某人的生活 55. benefit from ...
得益于，从……获益 56. relate to/be linked to
与……有关联 57. take the place of
代替 58. devote oneself to
致力于 59. come true
实现 60. keep/catch up with
赶上 61. be different from/differ from
与……不同 62. enable sb. to do sth.
使某人能做某事 63. take sth. into consideration
把某事考虑进去 64. lead to/contribute to/result in/bring about 导致 65. play an important role in
在某方面起重要作用 66. improve the quality of life for humans 提高人们的生活质量 67. be addicted to
对……上瘾 68. distract one"s attention
分散某人的注意力 69. electric books
电子读物 70. text message
手机短信
P P Pa a ar r rt t t
2 2 2 真 真 题 感 悟 悟
Passage 1 【真题详解】
【 【2020 天津】
For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly. For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back. Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes. 46．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD? A．It causes temporary hearing loss. B．It slows down a running man. C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect. D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others. 47．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________. A．silence the people around you B．remove the sound of commercials
C．block the incoming sound waves D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you 48．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share? A．They travel in circles. B．They clear the atmosphere. C．They can be transformed into energy. D．They can be directed onto a specific area. 49．Directed sound can be used for ________. A．creative designs of restaurant menus B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage C．different choices of music for businesses D．strict control over any suspicious customer 50．What does the passage focus on? A．How professionals invented sound products. B．Inventions in the field of sound technology. C．The growing interest in the study of sound. D．How sound engineers work in their studios. 【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．C50．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段中的”It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选 A。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中的”Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备。故选 D。
48．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds 和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选 D。
49．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly,”spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choice on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选 C。
50．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的”In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today"s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选 B。
【 强重难词】
】
1. definitely a dv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
2. professional adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的
3. phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才
4. chase
v t. 追逐；追捕 vi. 追逐；追赶；奔跑
5. suspect_ v. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯
6. deafen vt. 使聋；淹没
7. temporarily adv. 临时地，临时
8. commercial adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的
9. analyze
vt. 对…于 进行分析，分解（等于 analyse
10. in other fields
在其他领域
11. let … get away
让离开
12. pull out
离 开，撤离；拔出；渡过难关；恢复健康；折叠的大张插页；飞机进场重新飞起
13. switch on
接通，开启
14. drop to the ground. 倒在地上; 卧倒
15. go crazy
发疯；疯狂
【 析长难句】
】
1. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. 【解析】本句包含由 but 连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句为简单句；第二个分句为一个复杂的主从复合句。第二个分句使用了 share…with 这一固定结构，动词不定式短语 to create new products 做目的状语，过去分词短语 based on the phenomenon 做定语，定语从句 we call sound 修饰 the phenomenon. 【译文】在过去，声音工程师在录音室的密室里工作，但今天的许多声音专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们称之为声音现象的基础上创造新产品。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights( 聚光灯 灯) are used in the theater.
【解析】本句中的 that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater.是定语从句，修饰a new technology。
【译文】定向声音是一项新技术，它可以让公司像在剧院使用聚光灯一样使用声音。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
】
【解析】allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining 是现在分词短语做结果状语。
【 译文】餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制他们用餐的氛围。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 【真题详解】
【 【2019 全国卷 卷 1 】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 1．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A．To reduce pressure on keys. B．To improve accuracy in typing. C．To replace the password system. D．To cut the cost of e-space protection. 2．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A．Computers are much easier to operate. B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C．Typing patterns vary from person to person. D．Data security measures are guaranteed. 3．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A．It’ll be environment-friendly. B．It’ll reach consumers soon. C．It’ll be made of plastics. D．It’ll help speed up typing. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A diary B．A guidebook C．A novel. D．A magazine
【答案】1-4 DCBD 文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
1．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop 与 come up with 是同义词，expensive与 low－cost 是反义词，cut the cost 与 low－cost 相呼应。
2．C 解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people"s identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故 C 项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3．B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B 项。注意：题干中的 expect 与原文中的 hope 呼应，答案选项中的 consumers 与原文中的 market 呼应。
4．D 解析：文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词 researchers，low－cost device 等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
【 强重难词】
】
1 ．identity
n. 身份；同一性，一致 ；特性
2 ．theft
n. 盗窃；偷；赃物
3 ．fingerprint
n. 指纹；手印
4．precisely adv. 精确地；恰恰
5 ．layer
n. 层，层次；膜；[ 植] 压条；放置者，计划者
6 ．security
n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品
7 ．analyze vt. 对…于 进行分析，分解（等于 analyse）
）
8 ．unique adj. 独特的，稀罕的；[ 数] 唯一的，独一无二的
9 ．participant
n. 参与者，参加者 _ 10 ．straightforward
adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的
11 ．commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化
12．be unique to ....
对...... 来说是独特的
13．by extension 相关地；引申开来
14 ．give access to ...
接见 ；进入
【 析长难句】
】
1. As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.
【解析】本句为主从复合句。As 引导时间状语从句；不定式短语 to keep others out of private e-spaces.做目的状语。
【译文】随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,为了阻止他人进入私人的电子空间，像指纹扫描这种生物测量技术的市场正在兴起。。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right. 】
【解析】句中的whether they should be given a…做determine的宾语，第二个whether someone gets the password right.做 regardless of 的宾语。
【译文】因此，键盘可以决定一个人的身份，进而决定他们是否应该被允许访问所连接的计算机，而不管某人是否获得了正确的密码。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 【解析】本句为主从复合句，第一个 that 引导宾语从句；第二个 that 引导定语从句。
【译文】佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已经发明了低成本解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
P P Pa a ar r rt t t
3 3 3 专 专 题 强 化 化
Passage 1 【真题自测】
【 【2018 全国卷 卷 1 】
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices – we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
【答案】32-35
ADBA 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高、不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。
33.D
【解析】细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中的 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitt’s team 研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选 D。
34.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低 44%的耗能。
故选 B。
35.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选 A。
Passage 2 【真题】
【 【2018 天津卷】
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table. Sustainability( 可持续性) The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements. Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.” Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants. 46. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production? A. It helps cooks to create new dishes. B. It saves time and effort in cooking. C. It improves the cooking conditions. D. It contributes to restaurant decorations. 47. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?
A. It solves food shortages easily. B. It quickens the transportation of food. C. It needs no space for the storage of food. D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food. 48. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________. A. is more available to consumers B. can meet individual nutritional needs C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials 49. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely? A. The printing process is complicated. B. 3D food printers are too expensive. C. Food materials have to be dry. D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing. 50. What could be the best title of the passage? A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table 【答案】
46-50 BDBCA 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 3D 打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
46.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章 Food production 中叙述了没有经验的人可以用 3D 打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用 3D 打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D 打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选 B。
48.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized
nutritional content, like vitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出 3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选 B。
49.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.可知，阻止 3D 打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于 3D 打印因为很容易坏。故选 C。
50.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了 3D 打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选 A。
Passage 3 【新题模拟】
（2021·天津静海区·静海一中高三期末）
One period of our lives when better results are demanded of us is, strangely enough, childhood. Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (家务事) at home and so on. It’s not easy. The good news is that being likeable can help a child perform better. Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to cope more easily with stresses of growing up. In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience (适应力), the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress; a child who has adequate emotional armor can continue down the path to success. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness. Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop (回馈圈). The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation, to deal with the daily stress of life. This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Deluecchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi found that “students who perceive a teacher as likeable, in contrast to those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers, and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more”. You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
1．The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________. A．children are expected more than we usually think B．life is not easy for every one of us C．better education results in smarter children D．to be a likeable child is almost impossible 2．According to Dr. Leonard, likeable children ________. A．can cope more easily with stress independently B．know how to avoid trouble and unpleasant events C．are always optimistic and ready to help those in need D．can achieve more and understand themselves better 3．The term “emotional armor” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．mental support from friends B．mental support from adults C．failures in life D．ability to handle life stress 4．The main purpose of the studies done by Michael Delucchi is to find ________. A．if a likeable teacher has a positive personality B．if a likeable teacher draws more attention C．how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity D．how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed 5．The passage aims at proving that ________. A．likeable people do better in life generally B．likeable people do better in their childhood C．social creatures enjoy fewer advantages D．likeable people give better advice
【答案】
1．A2．D3．D4．B5．A 【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段中 Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (杂务)at home and so on.“尽管还年轻，我们被期望取得好成绩，远离麻烦，在学校交朋友，在考试中取得好成绩，在家里做家务等等。”由此可知，作者在第一段暗示孩子们比我们通常认为的更受期待。故选 A。
2． 推理判断题。根据第二段中 Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience（适应力）, the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress.“卡洛琳·伦纳德博士指出，可爱、讨人喜欢的孩子能够获得他人的支持。这将导致专注力和恢复力，以及从生活压力中恢复或及早调整的能力。”由此可知，伦纳德博士说，可爱的孩子可以取得更多成就，也能更好地了解自己。故选 D。
3． 词义猜测题。根据第二段中 This leads to focus and resilience (适应力), the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress;“这就导致了专注力和恢复力，即及早从生活压力中恢复或调整的能力。所以一个处理生活压力的能力的孩子可以在通往成功的道路上继续前进。”由此推知，划线部分指的是“处理生活压力的能力”。故选 D。
4． 细节理解题。根据第四段中 Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well.“夏威夷大学的迈克尔·德鲁奇(Michael Delucchi)回顾了数十项研究，以确定讨人喜欢的老师获得高分是因为他们受人喜爱，还是因为他们实际上教得好。”由此可知，Michael Delucchi 所做的研究的主要目的是发现一个讨人喜欢的老师是否能吸引更多的注意。故选 B。
5． 推理判断题。根据第三段“Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life?”为什么一个讨人喜欢的孩子更容易处理压力，在他或她的生活中做得更好?。根据第四段“Deluecchi found that “students who perceive a teacher as likeable, in contrast to those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers, and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more”.”Delecchi发现，“与那些认为老师不讨人喜欢的学生相比，那些认为老师讨人喜欢的学生可能会更注意老师传递的信息，他们会更努力地完成作业，也会学到更多东西。”由此判断出，短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。故选 A。
Passage 4 【新题模拟】
（2021·吉林长春市·高三一模）
It"s no secret that inhaling(吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also c...
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