篇一：初中英语语法讲座(一) (5)
初中英语语法讲座（一）
姓名_____________
一、名词
关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a
可数名词
名词的根据数 └复数
不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法：
(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人)--Germans
(3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。
不可数名词：
1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
如：Some bread over there. (be)
3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例：
1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ,please？
A. piece of bread B. .piece of breadsC. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads
名词的格
名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→ Tom's译为“?的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day 关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。
go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is
A、Kate ,myB .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mineD .Kate's, my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：
1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August
加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.
9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在?前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在?范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3特殊记，加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth)
8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth ,ninth)
逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)
若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
eg: Hey has learned eight French words this year.
A. hundredB. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of
The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen
倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four
4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five
练习题
1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me ________, please?
A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers
5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.
A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep
C. monkies, sheepD. monkies, sheeps
6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.
A. Germans, FrenchmansB. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, FrenchmenD. Germans, Frenchmen
7.June 1 is ______________.
A. the Children's DayB. the C hildrens' DayC .Children's DayD. Childrens' Day
思考题
1.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands
2.We have been in the school for______.
A. three and a half month B .three and a half months
C. three month and a half D .three months and half
3._____English is_____ useful language.
A.A, an B./, a C. The, an D. A, /
四、代词
(一)
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her itus you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourselfhimselfherself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属
如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)
by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to? (随便吃/喝 些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these?-_____, I think.
A. They B. TheirC. TheirsD. Them
2. Nobody taught___ English.He taught____.
A. him, himselfB. his, himself C .him, by himselfD. his, his
（二）
修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义
few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the library.
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。
如：something new
There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句
① Will you give me some water?
② Would you like some meat?
③ May I ask some questions?
④ Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
如：Each student was asked to try again.
Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of
如：
We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都”作主语时，看作复数；
作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” , 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.
There are trees on both sides of the street.
= There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of us is going to Beijing next week
Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one ? the other “一个??，另一个??”
the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)
________ ________ are you going to take?
篇二：初中英语语法讲座(一)_3
初中英语语法讲座（一）
姓名_____________
一、名词
关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a
可数名词
名词的根据数 └复数
不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法：
(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人)--Germans
(3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。
不可数名词：
1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
如：Some bread over there. (be)
3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例：
1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ,please？
A. piece of bread B. .piece of breadsC. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads
名词的格
名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→ Tom's译为“?的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day
关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。
go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is
A、Kate ,myB .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mineD .Kate's, my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：
1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August
表示特指，故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.
9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在?前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在?范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the
请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3特殊记，加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth)
8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth ,ninth)
逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)
若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
eg: Hey has learned eight French words this year.
A. hundredB. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of
The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen
倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four
4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five
练习题
1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me ________, please?
A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers
5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.
A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep
C. monkies, sheepD. monkies, sheeps
6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.
A. Germans, FrenchmansB. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, FrenchmenD. Germans, Frenchmen
7.June 1 is ______________.
A. the Children's DayB. the C hildrens' DayC .Children's DayD. Childrens' Day
思考题
1.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands
2.We have been in the school for______.
A. three and a half month B .three and a half months
C. three month and a half D .three months and half
3._____English is_____ useful language.
A.A, an B./, a C. The, an D. A, /
四、代词
(一)
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her itus you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourselfhimselfherself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属
如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)
by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to? (随便吃/喝 些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these?-_____, I think.
A. They B. TheirC. TheirsD. Them
2. Nobody taught___ English.He taught____.
A. him, himselfB. his, himself C .him, by himselfD. his, his
（二）
修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义
few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the library.
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。
如：something new
There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句
① Will you give me some water?
② Would you like some meat?
③ May I ask some questions?
④ Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
如：Each student was asked to try again.
Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of
如：
We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都”作主语时，看作复数；
作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” , 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.
There are trees on both sides of the street.
= There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of us is going to Beijing next week
Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one ? the other “一个??，另一个??”
the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)
________ ________ are you going to take?
篇三：初中英语语法讲座(一) (3)
初中英语语法讲座（一）
姓名_____________
一、名词
关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a
可数名词
名词的根据数 └复数
不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法：
(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人)--Germans
(3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。
不可数名词：
1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
如：Some bread over there. (be)
3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例：
1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ,please？
A. piece of bread B. .piece of breadsC. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads
名词的格
名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→ Tom's译为“?的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day
关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。
go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is
A、Kate ,myB .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mineD .Kate's, my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：
1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August
加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.
9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在?前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在?范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3特殊记，加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth)
8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth ,ninth)
逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)
若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
eg: Hey has learned eight French words this year.
A. hundredB. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of
The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen
倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four
4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five
练习题
1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me ________, please?
A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers
5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.
A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep
C. monkies, sheepD. monkies, sheeps
6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.
A. Germans, FrenchmansB. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, FrenchmenD. Germans, Frenchmen
7.June 1 is ______________.
A. the Children's DayB. the C hildrens' DayC .Children's DayD. Childrens' Day
思考题
1.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands
2.We have been in the school for______.
A. three and a half month B .three and a half months
C. three month and a half D .three months and half
3._____English is_____ useful language.
A.A, an B./, a C. The, an D. A, /
四、代词
(一)
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her itus you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourselfhimselfherself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属
如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)
by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to? (随便吃/喝 些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these?-_____, I think.
A. They B. TheirC. TheirsD. Them
2. Nobody taught___ English.He taught____.
A. him, himselfB. his, himself C .him, by himselfD. his, his
（二）
修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义
few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the library.
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。
如：something new
There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句
① Will you give me some water?
② Would you like some meat?
③ May I ask some questions?
④ Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
如：Each student was asked to try again.
Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of
如：
We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都”作主语时，看作复数；
作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” , 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.
There are trees on both sides of the street.
= There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of us is going to Beijing next week
Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one ? the other “一个??，另一个??”
the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)
________ ________ are you going to take?
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